Is your child not over dressed? Is the room temperature cool enough? Is child sweating in an environment where others are not? If yes to the above questions you will have to take your child to see a paediatric endocrinologist for evaluation and management.

Kindly note that you cannot just treat fever but the underlying cause needs to be addressed. Fever can be caused by different illness, it could be malaria, viral infections e.t.c. Fever is confirmed only with a temperature reading above 37.5°c with a digital thermometer

No, it a very bad practice. For cough- sometimes, you may not need to give medications as it may be viral and would run its course and go on its own. However on other times the child may need to be attended to by a doctor. Example is when the child has breathing difficulties due to the cough or when the child develops a fever. In such cases, you would need to see a doctor.

The DPT or Penta injection is usually given deep into the muscles. One of the side effects is swollen/red injection site due to some mild bleeding into the muscle. It needs to be properly managed so it does not become infected and turn into an abscess. The simple treatment is to apply ice pack or small piece of ice block wrapped in handkerchief on it intermittently for the first 2 -3 days. It will go down. Also avoid too much handling of the affected limb as the site is usually sore. It should resolve in 2 - 3 days but if it persists and/or become bigger and soft with pus inside - that is an abscess, please go back to the hospital or health centre so that it can be drained and additional treatment including antibiotics will be given. You can also give paracetamol for pain.

Your baby is probably having colic, it should resolve on its own without any treatment. It usually starts a few weeks after birth and often improves by age 3 months. By ages 4 to 5 months, the majority of babies with colic have improved. You may however give infacol for relief, but note that it does not work for every baby.

Oka ori: If you are not from Nigeria, you may be lost from the title alone. The typical Naija Mum knows what I am talking about, especially if you are from the South-Western part of the country, specifically the Yoruba tribe. The other tribes have their own names for the same condition. The Grannies and some mums believe that there is a “hole” or “space” which is “breathing” or pulsating in the head of the new baby which is abnormal. That this soft space is not right and should not be there. Any baby that has this “abnormal space or hole” is diagnosed with “Oka”. The “soft hole or space” often erroneously believed to be an abnormality is A NORMAL PART of the baby’s head. It is called ANTERIOR FONTANELLE (AF). Every baby has it. It is there to allow the small spaces (sutures) between the different bones of the skull to accommodate the baby’s brain growth. So it is not “OKA” or any other thing….It is a normal part of the baby’s head.

Please keep the child well hydrated and monitor her for any unusual change such as weakness, fever, etc. If you observe any, kindly take the child to hospital.

If a child vomits once, watch and see if there is anything that triggers it and avoid if possible.... if vomiting persisted and child is not able to take fluids like ors or water, please take to hospital immediately.

Its gastroesophageal reflux, just a jargon that says food return from the stomach to the oesophagus after feed instead of staying down. For such babies, you need to keep them upright for up to 30 minutes or more after each feed...so it stays down.....You can keep them in the car seat put in upright position if you are too tired or busy to carry them that long...others can help too.....sometimes that may not work and some babies need to have their feeds thickened and so on....but we will do that only if it so bad and not allowing baby to gain weight....please see your paediatricians for further management at that point.

Your child was given Vitamin A because it is among NPI vaccines being provided free by the Government. The other vaccines you mentioned are Non NPI vaccines which you need to pay for.

As regards the stuffy nose, most cold and cough both in children and adults are caused by viruses which will run their course with or without any medication. On what to do... 1. keep baby warm: if there is fever Please uncover the baby and give paracetamol in appropriate dose or Tepid sponge to bring the temperature down. 2. You can do steam inhalation with your baby (both mother and baby or father and baby). Never leave baby alone on steam inhalation. If nose is congested, you can give saline drop in each nostrils to help decongestant the nostril. 3. If you have a room heater, you can use it to make breathing easier for your baby. 4. Continue breastfeeding baby exclusively.

Some babies may have what we called delay separation of the cord. It may also be delayed in cases of infection of the cord. Kindly see a Paediatrician to ensure that there are no other issues.

It is expected and ideal to start cleaning your baby's teeth with an age appropriate toothpaste and tooth brush once the first tooth appears in other to prevent plaque or tooth decay. So it is okay to start now.

The treatment of rash depends on the type and cause. Some rashes don't need any treatment while others require different types of treatment. So kindly see a doctor for proper assessment first and possible treatment.

Give your baby water after every formula feed and ensure you constitute the formula as recommended by the Manufacturers...right amount of scoop to the appropriate amount of water "

Kindly see a doctor to know what type of rashes the child has and for the right treatment to be instituted. Diaper creams like vaseline, shea butter, sudocream, zinc oxide creams are usually preventive but with obvious rashes, kindly see a doctor for proper evaluation and treatment.

Well done momma, you did great. You can now gradually start to introduce complementary/solid food as you continue to breastfeed to at least 2 years.

Feeding children complimentary meal can be challenging as some children might be very picky eaters and lot of patience is needed. Don’t give up on new foods! Patience is the key. Another good one is Perseverance. Don’t be quickly give in when the child refuses the new food after the first attempt. You may have to offer your child a new food 10 or 15 times before he will eat it. You may even have to revisit already abandoned one and you may be surprised it will now become accepted! Please be patient and try as much as possible to make meal time fun for your child. You can also try eating along with her to encourage her. Introduce her to varieties of food containing all classes of food including fruits, you will surely find some foods she likes until she adjusts very well.

Remember: Meals are about more than food. They are a time to connect with your child and to support her overall development. Talk with your child during meals and don’t let her eat alone. This helps build strong family relationships. Create routines around mealtime, routines make children feel loved and secure. Establish regular meal and snack times beginning when your child is 9-12 months old. Routines help children look forward to each meal. Also, offer 3 to 4 healthy food choices (that your child likes) at each meal. Research shows that children will choose a healthy diet when they are offered a selection of different healthy foods.

Kindly follow the recommendations of the pediatrician you visited.